In order to breed healthy orchids, there are several factors that the home gardener must take into account. One of the most critical of these factors is irrigation: how, when and how much.

Many home gardeners believe that all of their plants need to be watered fairly often. Also, just about any home gardener will tell you that exposing a houseplant’s roots to the air is deadly and should be avoided. These ideas are generally valid for most houseplants, but orchids may present a new set of requirements.

Many of the orchids home gardeners are now growing are epiphytic or airborne orchids. These plants evolved in their natural environments to cling to the bark of trees, where the roots are not constantly settling into moist, dense soil. The roots of these plants actually need to partially dry out between waterings so air can circulate around the root system.

Although different orchids have different requirements, here are some general rules for watering to help you grow healthy, vibrant orchids that will delight and beautify your home for years to come.

Give your orchids water at room temperature. A difference of 10 degrees Fahrenheit between the orchid and the water it receives can be detrimental to the plant. A good way to judge the temperature of the water is to run a little over the top of your hand. If it feels neither hot nor cold, you are within the correct temperature range.

Water early in the day. Any time before noon will be fine. Watering early will give your plant time to allow any water buildup on the leaves or new shoots to evaporate before evening, when the air is usually cooler and evaporation is less likely.

Wipe away any water buildup on your orchid’s leaves or inside any new growth. If water is left on these surfaces, it can cause those stains to rot. If left unattended, this condition can spread and kill the plant.

Water until runoff water passes through the pot’s drainage holes. This will ensure that the plant receives enough water.

Allow enough time between waterings for the potting material to become slightly moist. Don’t water so often that it stays constantly moist, or the roots will rot. During the winter, try to water once a week; in the summer, twice a week will probably suffice.

Take care to use tap water for your orchids. Tap water often contains chlorine and other compounds that are harmful to plants. The best water for your orchid is rainwater. As rain falls through the atmosphere, it picks up elements that make it rich, such as pollen and dust. These items are beneficial to your orchids.

How will you know if you are overwatering your orchid? If the plant begins to look generally unhealthy, this is a warning sign. Leaves may turn yellow and begin to show signs of rot. If this happens, it’s best to stop watering the orchid altogether for a few weeks.

Orchids require a little more care than many popular houseplants, but with proper care they can flourish. Healthy and beautiful orchids can add a colorful and elegant touch to your home.